Torque limiter

ABSTRACT

A torque limiter for a surgical screwdriver that includes an outer sleeve (1); a snap sleeve (3), which is arranged in and rotates with the outer sleeve; a rolling element cage (6), which is arranged in the snap sleeve; an inner sleeve (10), which is arranged in the rolling element cage; and a force-transmitting shaft (11), which is received in and rotates with the inner sleeve. The inner wall of the outer sleeve is provided with recesses (8) that extend parallel to a rotational axis of the force-transmitting shaft. The rolling element cage is provided with a plurality of rolling element receiving areas (5), each of which holds a rolling element (4), and with a number of noses (7), which engage into the recesses. The inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of notches (9), which extend in a V-shape parallel to the axis and which receive the rolling elements.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/149,195, filed Jan. 14, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,597,063 B2, whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/278,683, filedFeb. 18, 2019, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part ofInternational App. No. PCT/DE2017/100669, filed Aug. 8, 2017, and claimspriority to German Patent App. No. 20 2016 104 553.3, filed Aug. 19,2016.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Field of Invention

The present invention relates to a torque limiter, in particular atorque limiter for limiting the torque of a surgical screwdriver.

Brief Description of Related Art

A torque limiter for a surgical screwdriver is disclosed in DE 20 2006004 027. In this torque limiter, a problem arises in that the elasticityof the elastic element configured as an elastomer O-ring significantlyvaries and changes over time, in particular as a result of thermalstress.

An object of the invention is to provide a torque limiter in which themaximum torque which is able to be transmitted may be determined with agreater degree of accuracy and does not change significantly, even as aresult of thermal stress on the torque limiter—namely during thesterilization thereof.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a torque limiteras disclosed and claimed herein.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a torque limiter is provided, in particularfor a surgical screwdriver. The torque limiter comprises an outersleeve, a snap sleeve which is rotationally fixed in the outer sleeveand a rolling element cage, which is arranged in the snap sleeve. Thetorque limiter further comprises an inner sleeve, which is arranged inthe rolling element cage, and a force-transmitting shaft, which isreceived by the inner sleeve in a rotationally fixed manner. The innerwall of the outer sleeve is provided with recesses extending parallel tothe axis. The rolling element cage is provided with a plurality ofrolling element receiving areas, each of which holds a rolling element.The rolling element cage is also provided with a number of noses. Thenoses engage into the recesses. The width of the noses is less than theopen width of the recesses. The number of noses corresponds to thenumber of recesses. The inner sleeve is provided with a plurality ofV-shaped notches, which extend parallel to the axis and which are usedto receive the rolling elements. When a torque is applied to the outersleeve in the screwing direction, it presses one side of the nosesagainst one of the walls of the recesses into a position in which therolling elements (that are slightly offset relative to the noses) areflush with the recesses. This allows the rolling elements to exit theV-shaped notches of the inner sleeve into the recesses of the outersleeve (spreading the snap sleeve) when a maximally permissible torqueis reached, thereby uncoupling the inner sleeve. When a torque isapplied to the outer sleeve in the unscrewing direction, it presses theother side of the noses against the other wall of the recesses into aposition in which the rolling elements are flush with the webs remainingbetween the recesses. This prevents the rolling elements from exitingthe V-shaped notches of the inner sleeve, thereby coupling the innersleeve.

By means of this coupling, a positive connection is made between theouter sleeve and the inner sleeve. By means of this mechanism, anunlimited transmission of force is ensured in the unscrewing direction.In this position, the snap sleeve is uncoupled from any actions offorce. As a result, a long functional life of the torque limiter as awhole, a consistent accuracy and thus the reproducibility of theactuating torques are ensured.

Preferably, the rotational fixing between the outer sleeve and the snapsleeve is effected by the provision of a drive element on the inner wallof the outer sleeve, said drive element protruding radially inwardly andengaging in the slot in the snap sleeve.

Further preferably, the rolling elements are configured as pins and therolling element receiving areas are configured as slots.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, specifically theshaft is provided at its tip with a cone supported in a bearing cap.

It is advantageous if the snap sleeve is produced from apolyetheretherketone (PEEK).

The foregoing and other features of the invention are hereinafter morefully described below, the following description setting forth in detailcertain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these beingindicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which theprinciples of the present invention may be employed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is described hereinafter with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an outer view of an exemplary embodiment of a torquelimiter according to the invention ((a) shows the starting direction and(b) shows the release direction);

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the torque limiter alongthe I-I direction of FIG. 1 , showing the inner sleeve ((a) shows thestarting direction and (b) shows the release direction);

FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 2 ((a) showsthe starting direction, (b) shows the release direction, and (c) showsthe expansion of the snap sleeve and position of the rolling elementsrelative to the inner sleeve during uncoupling of the inner sleeve fromthe outer sleeve);

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line III-III of FIG. 2 ((a)shows the starting direction and (b) shows the release direction);

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2 ((a) showsthe starting direction and (b) shows the release direction);

FIG. 6 a shows a longitudinal sectional view of the torque limiter alongthe V-V direction of FIG. 2 in the starting direction;

FIG. 6 b shows a longitudinal sectional view of the torque limiter alongthe V-V direction of FIG. 2 in the release direction;

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the torque limiter,showing the rolling element cage;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of the rolling element cagecut along a horizontal plane;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a rear section of the outersleeve of the torque limiter cut along a cross sectional plane; and

FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective view of the rolling element cageof

FIG. 8 inserted into a section of the outer sleeve.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The figures show a torque limiter, in particular for a surgicalscrewdriver. The figures marked with (a) denote the torque limiter inthe position when torque is applied in the starting direction 18, alsoknown as the screwing direction 18. The figures marked with (b) denotethe torque limiter in the position when torque is applied in the releasedirection 19, also known as the unscrewing direction 19. FIGS. 1(a)through 6(b) were created with a program for computer-aided design(CAD). The torque limiter comprises an outer sleeve 1, a snap sleeve 3which is rotationally fixed in the outer sleeve; a rolling element cage6 which is arranged in the snap sleeve, an inner sleeve 10 which isarranged in the rolling element cage and a force-transmitting shaft 11which is received by the inner sleeve in a rotationally fixed/manner.This arrangement is best understood in connection with FIGS. 3(a) to6(b).

The inner wall of the outer sleeve 1 is provided with recesses 8extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the force-transmittingshaft, as shown in FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), 5(a), 5(b), 6 a and 6 b. Therolling element cage 6 is provided with a plurality of rolling elementreceiving areas 5, each of which holds a rolling element 4, and with anumber of noses 7 which engage into the recesses 8 and the width ofwhich is less than the open width of the recesses 8, said numbercorresponding to the number of recesses 8, and which are slightly offsetrelative to the rolling element receiving areas 5. The inner sleeve 10has a plurality of notches 9 which extend in a V-shape parallel to theaxis and which are used to receive the rolling elements 4.

A torque applied to the outer sleeve 1 in the screwing direction 18presses one side 20 of the noses 7 of the rolling element cage 6 againstone of the walls 22 of the recesses 8 into a position in which part ofthe rolling elements 4 (being the portion to the right of line III-IIIin FIG. 2 ) are flush with the recesses 8, thus allowing that part ofthe rolling elements 4 to exit the V-shaped notches 9 of the innersleeve 10 into the recesses 8 of the outer sleeve 1 while the part ofthe rolling elements adjacent to the snap sleeve 3 (being the portion tothe left of line III-III in FIG. 2 ) bear against and spread apart thesnap sleeve 3 when a maximally permissible torque is reached, therebyuncoupling the inner sleeve 10 sleeve from the outer sleeve 1, as shownin FIG. 3(c). The snap sleeve 3 spreads into the gap between the snapsleeve 3 and the outer sleeve 1. This gap is for example shown in FIGS.3(a) and 3(b). FIG. 4(a) shows a position in which the rolling elements4 could exit the V-shaped notches 9 into the recesses 8, if the torquewould be large enough to spread the snap sleeve 3.

A torque applied to the outer sleeve 1 in the unscrewing direction 19presses the other side 21 of the noses 7 of the rolling element cage 6against the other wall 23 of the recesses 8 into a position in whichpart of the rolling elements 4 (being the portion to the right of theline III-III in FIG. 2 ) are flush with the webs 15 remaining betweenthe recesses 8. The webs 15 prevent the rolling elements 4 from exitingthe V-shaped notches 9 of the inner sleeve 10 and thus also prevent thepart of the rolling elements adjacent to the snap sleeve 3 (being theportion to the left of the line III-III in FIG. 2 ) from spreading apartthe snap sleeve 3, thereby keeping the inner sleeve 10 coupled to theouter sleeve 1, as shown in FIG. 4(b). The form and position of the web15 is also shown in FIGS. 6 a, 6 b , 7 and 9. When no torque is appliedto the outer sleeve 1, the torque limiter is in an idle position.Depending on the direction in which torque was last applied to the outersleeve 1, the idle position is identical to the position of the torquelimiter when torque is applied in the screwing direction 18 or theunscrewing direction 19. Alternatively, the idle position can be aposition in between those two positions. In such a position the noses 7of the rolling element cage 6 do not press against any of the walls 22,23 of the recesses.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rotational fixing between theouter sleeve 1 and the snap sleeve 3 is effected by the provision of adrive element 2 on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1, said driveelement protruding radially inwardly and engaging in the slot 24 in thesnap sleeve 3, as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b).

In this case, the rolling elements 4 are configured as pins and therolling element receiving areas 5 are configured as slots.

The shaft 11, which when used for a surgical instrument receives theinstrument at its end 25 protruding the outer sleeve 1, is provided atits other end with a cone 12 mounted in a bearing cap 17. In this case,the tip of the cone 12 is oriented counter to the bearing cap and inpractical use comes into contact therewith.

When using the torque limiter, a virtually friction-free mountingbetween the outer sleeve 1 and the inner sleeve 10 is achieved by meansof the cone 12 mounted in the bearing cap. This structural featureminimizes the friction torques and enables a greater accuracy and thusreduced scattering of the adjusted torque.

Polyetheretherketone PEEK lends itself as the material for the snapsleeve 3, this plastics material being able to be easily sterilizedwhilst maintaining its elasticity.

A sealing nut 13 is positioned nearby the cone 12. A sealing disc 14 isalso shown in FIG. 2 . The sealing nut 13 and the sealing disc 14 aresealing the torque limiter against the surrounding, i.e. water vapor andseal or arrange the bearings of the shaft 11.

Connection systems known on the market, which are used to connect amedical instrument to a torque limiter, are frequently arranged as aseparate coupling system outside of the torque limiter. This designentails many disadvantages. For example, contaminations can occur andbending torques are not compensated, which results in the occurrence oftorque inaccuracies.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, the end 25 of the shaft 11comprises a receptacle 31 designed to receive a medical instrument, ascan be seen in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b . The receptacle 31 is integrated intoa housing of the torque limiter. A plain bearing 26 and a slide sleeve27 guide the receptacle 31 in the outer sleeve 1 in order to preventtilting. Due to this constructive assembly the receptacle 31 isintegrated angular-stable in the torque limiter and supported almostfrictionless in the outer sleeve 1. Bending torques are compensated anda negative impact on the torque accuracy is prevented.

The medical instrument inserted in the receptacle 31 is secured by meansof a locking element 28, preventing the medical instrument from fallingout of the receptacle 31. The plain bearing 26 comprises two parts,wherein a spring element 30 is arranged in between these two parts. Thespring element 30 allows the locking element 28 to be locked andunlocked. In addition, a safety element 29 of the receptacle 31 isprovided as rotation lock of the inserted medical instrument.

In this way an accidental uncoupling of the medical instrument isprevented and the receptacle 31 can be adjusted for all connectiongeometries of medical instruments.

The described integration of the receptacle 31 in the housing of thetorque limiter allows for a compact, ergonomic design and protects theconnection system from contaminations.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of the rolling element cage 6cut along a horizontal plane. The noses 7 are part of the rollingelement cage 6 and protrude from the rolling element cage 6. It can beseen that the noses 7 are slightly offset to the rolling elementreceiving areas 5 in a circumferential direction of the rolling elementcage 6. Thus, when the noses 7 press against the other wall 23 of therecesses 8 (FIG. 5(b)), the rolling elements 4 are flush with the webs15 (FIG. 4(b)), so that the rolling elements 4 cannot exit the V-shapednotches 9.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a rear section of the outersleeve 1 of the torque limiter cut along a cross sectional plane. Thecross-sectional plane corresponds approximately to the III-III plane.FIG. 9 shows that the inside wall of the outer sleeve 1 in between therecesses is not uniform. A first part of this inner wall of the outersleeve 1 forms the web 15, which prevents the rolling elements 4 fromexiting the V-shaped notches 9 when a torque is applied in theunscrewing direction 19. A second part of this inner wall of the outersleeve 1 protrudes further towards the center of the torque limiter andforms the walls 22, 23, which act as boundaries for the noses 7 of therolling element cage 6.

FIG. 10 shows the rolling element cage 6 of FIG. 8 inserted into asection of the outer sleeve 1, which is cut along the same plane as therolling element cage 6. FIG. 10 corresponds to a position of the torquelimiter when a torque is applied in the unscrewing direction 19. Thus,there is a gap between the side 20 of the noses 7 and the wall 22 of therecesses 8. Meanwhile, the other side 21 of the noses 7 presses againstthe other wall 23 of the recesses 8.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects isnot limited to the specific details and illustrative examples shown anddescribed herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept asdefined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A torque limiter for a surgical screwdrivercomprising: an outer sleeve; a snap sleeve which is arranged in theouter sleeve and which is fixed to rotate with the outer sleeve; arolling element cage which is arranged in the snap sleeve; an innersleeve which is arranged in the rolling element cage; and aforce-transmitting shaft which is received within the inner sleeve andwhich is fixed to rotate with the inner sleeve; wherein an inner wall ofthe outer sleeve is provided with recesses that extend parallel to anaxis of rotation of the force-transmitting shaft, wherein the rollingelement cage is provided with a plurality of rolling element receivingareas, each of which holds a rolling element, wherein the rollingelement cage is also provided with a number of noses, said numbercorresponding to the number of recesses, wherein the noses areconfigured to engage into the recesses provided in the inner wall of theouter sleeve, wherein the noses have a width that is less than an openwidth of the recesses, wherein the inner sleeve is provided with aplurality of V-shaped notches which extend parallel to the axis andwhich receive the rolling elements such that: when a maximallypermissible torque is applied to the outer sleeve in a screwingdirection, sides of the noses are pressed against sides of walls of therecesses thereby moving the inner sleeve into a position in which therolling elements that are slightly offset relative to the noses areflush with the recesses allowing the rolling elements to exit theV-shaped notches of the inner sleeve into the recesses of the outersleeve while spreading apart the snap sleeve and thereby uncoupling theinner sleeve from the outer sleeve, and when a torque is applied to theouter sleeve in an unscrewing direction, opposite sides of the noses arepressed against opposite sides of the walls of the recesses therebymoving the inner sleeve into a position in which the rolling elementsare flush with webs remaining between the recesses, thus preventing therolling elements from exiting the V-shaped notches of the inner sleeveand thereby coupling the inner sleeve to the outer sleeve, and wherein atip of the shaft is provided with a cone supported in a bearing cap. 2.The torque limiter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the snap sleeve isfixed to rotate with the outer sleeve by a drive element provided on theinner wall of the outer sleeve, said drive element protruding radiallyinwardly and engaging in a slot in the snap sleeve.
 3. The torquelimiter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling elements are pins andthe rolling element receiving areas are slots.
 4. The torque limiter asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the snap sleeve is made of apolyetheretherketone (PEEK).
 5. The torque limiter as claimed in claim1, wherein the torque limiter comprises a receptacle designed to receivea medical instrument, wherein, by means of a plain bearing and a slidesleeve, the receptacle is integrated angular-stable into the torquelimiter and is supported almost frictionless in the outer sleeve.